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Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem is an edible medicinal plant that belongs to the genus Toona within the Meliaceae family. It has been confirmed to display a wide variety of biological activities. During our continuous search for active constituents from the seeds of T. sinensis , two new acyclic diterpenoids ( 1 - 2 ), together with five known limonoid-type triterpenoids ( 3 - 7 ), five known apotirucallane-type triterpenoids ( 8 - 12 ), and three known cycloartane-type triterpenoids ( 13 - 15 ), were isolated and characterized. Their structures were identified based on extensive spectroscopic experiments, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HR-ESI-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD), as well as the comparison with those reported in the literature. We compared these findings to those reported in the literature. Compounds 5 , 8 , and 13 - 14 were isolated from the genus Toona , and compounds 11 and 15 were obtained from T. sinensis for the first time. The antidiabetic nephropathy effects of isolated compounds against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were assessed in vitro. The results showed that new compounds 1 and 2 could significantly increase the levels of Nrf-2/HO-1 and reduce the levels of NF-κB, TNF- α , and IL-6 at concentrations of 30 μM. These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 might prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and facilitate the research and development of new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs suitable for the prevention and treatment of DN.

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Terpenoids from the Seeds of Toona sinensis and Their Ability to Attenuate High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells