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Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of underground parts of  Iris tenuifolia  Pall. afforded five new compounds; an unusual macrolide termed moniristenulide ( 1 ), 5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-4- O -2′-cycloflavan ( 2 ), 5,7,2′,3′-tetrahydroxyflavanone ( 3 ), 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyisoflavone-2′- O - β - d -glucopyranoside ( 9 ), 5,2′,3′-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyisoflavone ( 10 ), along with seven known compounds ( 4 – 8 ,  11 – 12 ). The structures of all purified compounds were established by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds  1 – 3 ,  5 ,  9 , and  10  was investigated using the agar diffusion method against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In consequence, new compound  3  was found to possess the highest antibacterial activity against  Enterococcus faecalis  VRE and  Mycobacterium vaccae . Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity tests were also applied on all isolated compounds and plant crude extract in vitro with the result of potent inhibitory effect against leukemia cells. In particular, the newly discovered isoflavone  10  was active against both of the leukemia cells K-562 and THP-1 while  4 – 6  of the flavanone type compounds were active against only THP-1.

Chromane Derivatives from Underground Parts of Iris tenuifolia and Their In Vitro Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Evaluation