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The fungal strain YPGA3 was isolated from the sediments of the Yap Trench and identified as Penicillium thomii . Eight new chromone derivatives, named penithochromones M-T ( 1 - 8 ), along with two known analogues, 9 and 10, were isolated from the strain. The structures were established by detailed analyses of the spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of the only chiral center in compound 1 was tentatively determined by comparing the experimental and the calculated specific rotations. Compounds 7 and 8 represent the first examples of chromone derivatives featuring a 5,7-dioxygenated chromone moiety with a 9-carbon side chain. Bioassay study revealed that compounds 6 - 10 exhibited remarkable inhibition against α-glucosidase with IC 50 values ranging from 268 to 1017 μM, which are more active than the positive control acarbose (1.3 mmol).

Chromone Derivatives with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from the Marine Fungus Penicillium thomii Maire