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Essential oils are gaining interest as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for management of seedborne pathogens. Here, seven essential oils were initially tested in vivo for disinfection of squash seeds ( Cucurbita maxima ) naturally contaminated by  Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum ,  Alternaria alternata ,  Fusarium fujikuro ,  Fusarium solani ,  Paramyrothecium roridum ,  Albifimbria verrucaria ,  Curvularia spicifera , and  Rhizopus stolonifer . The seeds were treated with essential oils from  Cymbopogon citratus ,  Lavandula dentata ,  Lavandula hybrida ,  Melaleuca alternifolia ,  Laurus nobilis , and  Origanum majorana  (#1 and #2). Incidence of  S. cucurbitacearum  was reduced, representing a range between 67.0% in  L. nobilis  to 84.4% in  O. majorana  #2. Treatments at 0.5 mg/mL essential oils did not affect seed germination, although radicles were shorter than controls, except with  C. citratus  and  O .  majorana  #1 essential oils. Four days after seeding, seedling emergence was 20%, 30%, and 10% for control seeds and seeds treated with  C. citratus  essential oil (0.5 mg/mL) and fungicides (25 g/L difenoconazole plus 25 g/L fludioxonil).  S .  cucurbitacearum  incidence was reduced by ~40% for plantlets from seeds treated with  C. citratus  essential oil. These data show the effectiveness of this essential oil to control the transmission of  S. cucurbitacearum  from seeds to plantlets, and thus define their potential use for seed decontamination in integrated pest management and organic agriculture.

Evaluation of Seven Essential Oils as Seed Treatments against Seedborne Fungal Pathogens of Cucurbita maxima