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The in vitro activity of L. donovani (promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in THP1 cells) and T. brucei , from the fractions obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of Hypericum afrum and the isolated compounds, has been evaluated. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n -butanol extracts showed significant antitrypanosomal activity towards T. brucei , with IC 50 values of 12.35, 13.53 and 12.93 µg/mL and with IC 90 values of 14.94, 19.31 and 18.67 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical investigation of the fractions led to the isolation and identification of quercetin ( 1 ), myricitrin ( 2 ), biapigenin ( 3 ), myricetin ( 4 ), hyperoside ( 5 ), myricetin-3- O -β-d-galactopyranoside ( 6 ) and myricetin-3'- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 7 ). Myricetin-3'- O -β-d-glucopyranoside ( 7 ) has been isolated for the first time from this genus. The chemical structures were elucidated by using comprehensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic data, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). These compounds have also been evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity. Quercetin ( 1 ) and myricetin ( 4 ) showed noteworthy activity against T. brucei , with IC 50 and IC 90 values of 7.52 and 5.71 µM, and 9.76 and 7.97 µM, respectively. The T. brucei hexokinase (TbHK1) enzyme was further explored as a potential target of quercetin and myricetin, using molecular modeling studies. This proposed mechanism assists in the exploration of new candidates for novel antitrypanosomal drugs.

molecules/molecules online/molecules annual

Proposed Mechanism for the Antitrypanosomal Activity of Quercetin and Myricetin Isolated from Hypericum afrum Lam.: Phytochemistry, In Vitro Testing and Modeling Studies