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A novel chemical profile essential oil, distilled from the aerial parts of Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS, qualitative analysis) and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID, quantitative analysis), with both polar and non-polar stationary phase columns. The chemical composition mostly consisted of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids (&gt;70%), the main ones being ( E )- β -caryophyllene (17.8%), α -copaene (10.5%), β -bourbonene (9.9%), δ -cadinene (6.6%), cis -cadina-1(6),4-diene (6.4%) and germacrene D (4.9%), with the non-polar column. The essential oil was then submitted to enantioselective GC analysis, with a diethyl- tert -butyldimethylsilyl- β -cyclodextrin diluted in PS-086 chiral selector, resulting in the following enantiomeric excesses for the chiral components: (1 R ,5 S )-(-)- α -thujene (67.8%), (1 R ,5 R )-(+)- α -pinene (85.5%), (1 S ,5 S )-(-)- β -pinene (90.0%), (1 S ,5 S )-(-)-sabinene (12.3%), ( S )-(-)-limonene (88.1%), ( S )-(+)-linalool (32.7%), ( R )-(-)-terpinen-4-ol (9.3%), ( S )-(-)- α -terpineol (71.2%) and ( S )-(-)-germacrene D (89.0%). The inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of C. taxifolium essential oil was then tested, resulting in selective activity against BChE with an IC 50 value of 31.3 ± 3.0 μg/mL (positive control: donepezil, IC 50 = 3.6 μg/mL).

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A Novel Chemical Profile of a Selective In Vitro Cholinergic Essential Oil from Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), a Native Andean Species of Ecuador