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The extraction of condensed tannins from Aleppo pine bark and sumac roots ( Brown Rhus tripartitum ) was examined in near industrial conditions, using a water medium in the presence of 2% NaHCO 3 and 0.5% NaHSO 3 at two different temperatures (70 °C and at 100 °C). The tannins extracts were recovered in high yields (~25% of Aleppo pine and ~30% for sumac) with high phenolic contents (&gt;75%). The tannins were characterized by 13 C-NMR and MALDI TOF and showed characteristics of procyanidin/prodelphinidin units. The tannins extracted at 100 °C were composed of smaller flavonoid oligomers (DP &lt; 8) compared to those extracted at a lower temperature (DP &gt; 10). Adhesive resin formulations were prepared using Aleppo or sumac tannins and four different cross linkers (hexamine, glutaraldehyde, furfural, and glyoxal). The resins were studied by TMA in bending and tannins-based formaldehyde-free wood particleboards were produced. The panels displayed internal bond strengths &gt; 0.35 MPa with the four hardeners and all of them passed relevant international standard specifications for interior grade panels. The best results were observed with the tannins extracted at 70 °C with furfural as hardener (IB = 0.81 MPa for Aleppo pine and IB = 0.76 MPa for sumac).

Water Extraction of Tannins from Aleppo Pine Bark and Sumac Root for the Production of Green Wood Adhesives