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An infusion prepared from the aerial parts of Salvia amarissima Ortega inhibited the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) (IC 50 ~88 and 33 μg/mL, respectively). Phytochemical analysis of the infusion yielded amarisolide ( 1 ), 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone ( 2 ), 6-hydroxyluteolin ( 3 ), rutin ( 4 ), rosmarinic acid ( 5 ), isoquercitrin ( 6 ), pedalitin ( 7 ) and a new neo -clerodane type diterpenoid glucoside, named amarisolide G ( 8a , b ). Compound 8a , b is a new natural product, and 2 - 6 are reported for the first time for the species. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against PTP-1B; their IC 50 values ranged from 62.0 to 514.2 μM. The activity was compared to that of ursolic acid (IC 50 = 29.14 μM). The most active compound was pedalitin ( 7 ). Docking analysis predicted that compound 7 has higher affinity for the allosteric site of the enzyme. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analyses of the essential oils prepared from dried and fresh materials revealed that germacrene D ( 15 ) and β-selinene ( 16 ), followed by β-caryophyllene ( 13 ) and spathulenol ( 17 ) were their major components. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to quantify amarisolide ( 1 ) in the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the infusion of S. amarissima .

Flavonoids and Terpenoids with PTP-1B Inhibitory Properties from the Infusion of Salvia amarissima Ortega