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Tetrandrine, a dibenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the root of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant  Stephania tetrandra  S. Moore, a member of the Menispermaceae, showed anti-cancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, preventing cell cycle progress and induction of cell death and autophagy. In this study, twelve tetrandrine- l -amino acid derivatives and twelve tetrandrine-14- l -amino acid-urea derivatives were designed and synthesized, using C14-aminotetrandrine as raw material. Then the preliminary in vitro anti-cancer activities of these derivatives against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, human leukemia cell lines HEL and K562 were evaluated. The in vitro cytotoxicity results showed that these derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth, and the primary structure-activity relationships were evaluated. Notably, compound  3f  exhibited satisfactory anticancer activity against all three cancer cell lines, especially the HEL cell line, with the IC 50  value of 0.23 µM. Further research showed that  3f  could induce G1/S cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose- and time- dependent manner on the leukemia cell line HEL. The results suggested that  3f  may be used as a potential anti-cancer agent for human leukemia.

Design, Synthesis of Novel Tetrandrine-14-l-Amino Acid and Tetrandrine-14-l-Amino Acid-Urea Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents