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A series of (R)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives containing a diacylhydrazine moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by melting points,  1 H NMR,  13 C NMR, and elemental analysis (EA). Their antifungal and insecticidal activities were evaluated. The antifungal activity result indicated that most title compounds against  Cercospora arachidicola ,  Alternaria solani ,  Phytophthora capsici , and  Physalospora piricola  exhibited apparent antifungal activities at 50 mg/L, and better than chlorothalonil or carbendazim. The EC 50  values of ( R )- N ’-benzoyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbohydrazide ( I-5 ) against six tested phytopathogenic fungi were comparable to those of chlorothalonil. The CoMSIA model showed that a proper hydrophilic group in the R 1  position, as well as a proper hydrophilic and electron-donating group in the R 2  position, could improve the antifungal activity against  Physalospora piricola , which contributed to the further optimization of the structures. Meanwhile, most title compounds displayed good insecticidal activities, especially compound ( R )- N ’-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carbohydrazide ( III-3 ). The insecticidal mechanism results indicated that compound  III-3  can serve as effective insect Ca 2+  level modulators by disrupting the cellular calcium homeostasis in  Mythimna separata .

(R)-2-Phenyl-4,5-Dihydrothiazole-4-Carboxamide Derivatives Containing a Diacylhydrazine Group: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and SARs