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Plant endophytic microorganisms represent a largely untapped resource for new bioactive natural products. Eight polyketide natural products were isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus Phomosis sp. A818. The structural elucidation of these compounds revealed that they share a distinct feature in their chemical structures, an oxygen-bridged cyclooctadiene core skeleton. The study on their structure-activity relationship showed that the α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone moiety, as exemplified in compounds 1 and 2 , was critical to the cytotoxic activity of these compounds. In addition, compound 4 might be a potential agonist of AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase).

Cytotoxic Polyketides with an Oxygen-Bridged Cyclooctadiene Core Skeleton from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomosis sp. A818