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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, an abnormally high level of ROS is toxic, and is implicated in a number of diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of ROS can assist in the detection of these diseases. For the purpose of clinical translation of [ 18 F]6-(4-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1 H -1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-5-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-3,8-diamine ([ 18 F]DHMT), a promising ROS PET radiotracer, we first manually optimized the large-scale radiosynthesis conditions and then implemented them in an automated synthesis module. Our manual synthesis procedure afforded [ 18 F]DHMT in 120 min with overall radiochemical yield (RCY) of 31.6% ± 9.3% ( n = 2, decay-uncorrected) and specific activity of 426 ± 272 GBq/µmol ( n = 2). Fully automated radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]DHMT was achieved within 77 min with overall isolated RCY of 6.9% ± 2.8% ( n = 7, decay-uncorrected) and specific activity of 155 ± 153 GBq/µmol ( n = 7) at the end of synthesis. This study is the first demonstration of producing 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl azide by an automated module, which can be used for a variety of PET tracers through click chemistry. It is also the first time that [ 18 F]DHMT was successfully tested for PET imaging in a healthy beagle dog.

Optimized and Automated Radiosynthesis of [18F]DHMT for Translational Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species with Positron Emission Tomography