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Lawsonia inermis Linn (Lythraceae), also known as henna, is a small shrub or tree distributed throughout Taiwan's Lanyu Island, in North Africa, and in Australia. Its leaves are used as a folk medicine for the treatment of external hemorrhage and fingernail abscesses. Investigation of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions from methanol extract of the aerial part of Lawsonia inermis has led to the isolation of a new diphenol, ( Z )-4,4'-(prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)diphenol ( 1 ), two new isocoumarin carbonates, inermiscarbonates A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ), and six known compounds, 4'-hydroxyflavanone ( 4 ), apigenine ( 5 ), kampferol ( 6 ), luteolin ( 7 ), quercetin ( 8 ), and (-)-catechin ( 9 ). Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of known analogues. Compounds 1 and 4 - 9 were evaluated for the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated product of nitrite in RAW 264.7 cells with IC 50 values of 5.63, 15.72, 8.67, 6.67, 6.17, 7.61, and 14.52 μg/mL, respectively.

New Diphenol and Isocoumarins from the Aerial Part of Lawsonia inermis and Their Inhibitory Activities against NO Production