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Raphiodon echinus  ( R. echinus ) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, coughs, and infectious diseases. However, no information is available on the potential antioxidant, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of this plant. In this study, the polyphenolic constituents, antioxidant capacity and potential toxic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of  R. echinus  on human erythrocytes and leukocytes were investigated for the first time.  R. echinus  extracts showed the presence of Gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ellagic acids, rutin, quercitrin and quercetin. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of  R. echinus  exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC 50  = 111.9 μg/mL (EtOH extract) and IC 50  = 227.9 μg/mL (aqueous extract). The extracts inhibited Fe 2+  (10 μM) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in rat brain and liver homogenates. The extracts (30–480 μg/mL) did not induce genotoxicity, cytotoxicity or osmotic fragility in human blood cells. The findings of this present study therefore suggest that the therapeutic effect of  R. echinus  may be, in part, related to its antioxidant potential. Nevertheless, further  in vitro  and  in vivo  studies are required to ascertain the safety margin of its use in folk medicine.

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Polyphenolic Composition and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Osmotic Fragility and Cytotoxic Effects of Raphiodon echinus (Nees &amp; Mart.) Schauer