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In this paper, mechanical property tests of sandstone with multiple shapes of prefabricated fractures (single, T-shaped, and Y-shaped fractures) are carried out through the MTS815 rock mechanics testing machine and the Teledyne ISCO D-Series Pumps system. Considering the hydro-mechanical coupling effects, the experiments reveal the key thresholds, strength characteristics and deformation laws of multi-shape fractured sandstones during the progressive failure process. According to the elastic-plastic theory, the continuous damage theory and the statistical damage theory, a new damage model is constructed, which fully reflects the coupled effects among water, micro flaws and macroscopic prefabricated fractures. The crack closure stress σcc, crack initiation stress σci and damage stress σcd of multi-shape fractured sandstone samples are determined by the proposed volumetric strain response method. In the range of 0–90°, the σcc and σci of the multi-shape fractured sandstone samples are different, as well as the angles when the σcd and peak strength (σc) reach their peak values. The stress ratios (the σcc/σc, σci/σc, and σcd/σc are collectively referred to as stress ratios) are hardly affected by the shape and inclination of the fractures inside the rock. According to strength analysis and deformation characteristics, the weakening effect of water has less of an influence on the strength than prefabricated fractures. The stress–strain curve obtained, based on the hydro-mechanical coupling test, is in good agreement with the theoretical curve generated by the damage constitutive model, verifying the rationality of the damage constitutive model. In addition, the fracture inclination only affects the numerical value of the total damage variable of multi-shape fractured sandstone samples, and has minor effects on its variation trend.

Research on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Multi-Shape Fractured Sandstone under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling