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Aiming to solve the problems related to the slow settling speed and the long-term consumption of ultra-fine tailings in mine filling, the effect of flocculant type on the flocculation and settling performance of ultra-fine tailings was studied through static sedimentation experiments on tailings. The microstructure of the flocculation was observed and analyzed using an electron microscope. On this basis, the selection of the optimum flocculant type and dosage parameters was carried out. The results show that the best addition amount of the AZ9020 anionic flocculant was 30 g/t, a solution concentration of 0.3%, and a stirring time of more than 45 min. The floc structure of the full-tailings flocculation solution was formed by the AZ9020 anionic flocculant. Moreover, the size of less than 0.1 μm was still relatively large; thus, the overall size of the structure was small and uniformly dispersed. The floc solution had the smallest porosity, the fractal dimension was the largest, the molecular weight of the floc was the largest, and the floc was the most compact, making it appropriate for the rapid removal of floc structures from water. Sedimentation is also the best flocculant for flocculation and sedimentation. The size of the flocs decreased as the height of the flocculation sediment bed increased during flocculation and sedimentation. The research results provide a microscopic view for the selection of the best flocculant type.

Flocculation and Settlement Characteristics of Ultrafine Tailings and Microscopic Characteristics of Flocs