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This work analyzes the growth of graphite in the eutectic system of gray cast iron, focusing on laminar type A and undercooled type D morphology, and a modified morphology, such as vermicular or compact graphite. The objective of the study is to find an optimal graphite structure, from which a new class of lightweight materials results that has been called aero-eutectic graphite (AEG). The method to obtain AEG consists of dissolving the gray iron ferrous matrix by means of a chemical attack. From experiences of unidirectional solidification, it has been found that laminar graphite grows in a non-faceted way, coupled to austenite, while in vermicular the growth is through foliated dendrites. This characteristic allows vermicular graphite to have a higher specific intrinsic surface area. According to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, the surface of the vermicular was 106.27 m2 g−1, while those corresponding to type A and D were 83.390 m2 g−1 and 89.670 m2 g−1, respectively. AEG with graphite type D was used as a cathode in Li-O2 batteries with satisfactory results, reaching more than 70 charge and discharge cycles, and 150 cycles at this time and still cycling, using Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2 as redox mediator.

Graphite Dendrites in Cast Iron and Their Fundamental Role in the Control of Morphology to Obtain Aero-Eutectic Graphite