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In some Gram-negative bacteria,  ompF  encodes outer membrane protein F (OmpF), which is a cation-selective porin and is responsible for the passive transport of small molecules across the outer membrane. However, there are few reports about the functions of this gene in  Cronobacter sakazakii . To investigate the role of  ompF  in detail, an  ompF  disruption strain (Δ ompF ) and a complementation strain (cp ompF ) were successfully obtained. We find that OmpF can affect the ability of biofilm formation in  C. sakazakii . In addition, the variations in biofilm composition of  C. sakazakii  were examined using Raman spectroscopy analyses caused by knocking out  ompF , and the result indicated that the levels of certain biofilm components, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were significantly decreased in the mutant (Δ ompF ). Then, SDS-PAGE was used to further analyze the LPS content, and the result showed that the LPS levels were significantly reduced in the absence of  ompF . Therefore, we conclude that OmpF affects biofilm formation in  C. sakazakii  by reducing the amount of LPS. Furthermore, the Δ ompF  mutant showed decreased (2.7-fold) adhesion to and invasion of HCT-8 cells. In an antibiotic susceptibility analysis, the Δ ompF  mutant showed significantly smaller inhibition zones than the WT, indicating that OmpF had a positive effect on the influx of antibiotics into the cells. In summary,  ompF  plays a positive regulatory role in the biofilm formation and adhesion/invasion, which is achieved by regulating the amount of LPS, but is a negative regulator of antibiotic resistance in  C. sakazakii .

Outer Membrane Protein F Is Involved in Biofilm Formation, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Cronobacter sakazakii