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This study was conducted to compare the infection heterogeneity and cecal microbiota in chicks infected by S. enteritidis . Forty-eight 8-d-old female Arbor Acres chicks were challenged with S. enteritidis and euthanized 24 h later. The eight chicks with the highest Salmonella tissue loads were assigned to group S ( S. enteritidis -susceptible), and the eight chicks with the lowest Salmonella tissue loads were assigned to group R ( S. enteritidis -resistant). Chicks in group S showed a higher liver index ( p &lt; 0.05), obvious liver lesions, and an decreasing trend for the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio ( p &lt; 0.10), compared with those in group R. Gene expression of occludin , MUC2 , and IL10 was higher, whereas that of iNOS and IL6 was lower ( p &lt; 0.05), in chicks of group R relative to those in group S. Separation of the cecal microbial community structure has been found between the two groups. The S. enteritidis -susceptible chicks showed higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria ( Fusobacterium and Helicobacter ) in their cecal, while Desulfovibrio_piger was enriched in the cecal of S. enteritidis -resistant chicks. In summary, chicks showed heterogeneous responses to S. enteritidis infection. Enhanced intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota structure, especially a higher abundance of Desulfovibrio_piger , may help chicks resist S. enteritidis invasion.

Infection Heterogeneity and Microbiota Differences in Chicks Infected by Salmonella enteritidis