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Agro-industrial wastes suitable for economical and high mass production of novel Trichoderma species under solid-state fermentation were identified by optimizing the culture conditions using a mathematical model and evaluating the viability of the formulated bio-product. Fourteen inexpensive, locally available, organic substrates and cereals were examined using a one-factor-at-a-time experiment. The fungus colonized nearly all substrates after 21 days of incubation, although the degree of colonization and conidiation varied among the substrates. A mixture of wheat bran and white rice (2:1 w/w ) was found to support maximum growth of T. asperellum AU131 (3.2 × 10 7 spores/g dry substrate) and T. longibrachiatum AU158 (3.5 × 10 7 spores/g dry substrate). Using a fractional factorial design, the most significant growth factors influencing biomass production were found to be temperature, moisture content, inoculum concentration, and incubation period ( p ≤ 0.05). Analysis of variance of a Box-Behnken design showed that the regression model was highly significant ( p ≤ 0.05) with F -values of 10.38 ( P = 0.0027, T. asperellum AU131) and 12.01 ( p &lt; 0.0017, T. longibrachiatum AU158). Under optimal conditions, maximum conidia yield of log 10 (8.6) ( T. asperellum AU131) and log 10 (9.18) ( T. longibrachiatum ) were obtained. For wettable powder Trichoderma species formulations, it was possible to maintain conidial viability at room temperature (25 °C) for eight months at concentrations above 10 6 CFU/g.

microorganisms

Optimization of Culture Conditions and Production of Bio-Fungicides from Trichoderma Species under Solid-State Fermentation Using Mathematical Modeling