English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Bartonellae are facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria often transmitted by arthropods.  Ixodes ricinus  is the most important vector for arthropod-borne pathogens in Europe. However, its vector competence for  Bartonella  spp. is still unclear. This study aimed to experimentally compare its vector competence for three  Bartonella  species:  B. henselae ,  B. grahamii , and  B. schoenbuchensis . A total of 1333 ticks (1021 nymphs and 312 adults) were separated into four groups, one for each pathogen and a negative control group. Ticks were fed artificially with bovine blood spiked with the respective  Bartonella  species. DNA was extracted from selected ticks to verify  Bartonella -infection by PCR. DNA of  Bartonella  spp. was detected in 34% of nymphs and females after feeding. The best engorgement results were obtained by ticks fed with  B. henselae -spiked blood (65.3%) and  B. schoenbuchensis  (61.6%). Significantly more nymphs fed on infected blood (37.3%) molted into adults compared to the control group (11.4%).  Bartonella  DNA was found in 22% of eggs laid by previously infected females and in 8.6% of adults molted from infected nymphs. The transovarial and transstadial transmission of bartonellae suggest that  I. ricinus  could be a potential vector for three bacteria.

Evaluating Transmission Paths for Three Different Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Using Artificial Feeding