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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease with a high impact on the comfort of those who are affected and long-term treated with corticosteroids with limited efficacy and a high prevalence of relapses. Because of the limited effectiveness of these treatments, new strategies for recovery from AD lesions are continually being explored. In this article, we describe the gut microbiome changes achieved in a recently published clinical trial with the probiotic formulation  Bifidobacterium animalis  subsp.  lactis  CECT 8145,  Bifidobacterium longum  CECT 7347, and  Lacticaseibacillus casei  CECT 9104 (formerly  Lactobacillus casei  CECT 9104), showing a significant improvement in SCORAD (scoring atopic dermatitis) index in children (4–17 years) with AD (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02585986). The present gut microbiome post hoc study showed no significant changes in diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes) after probiotic consumption. In the probiotic group, genera  Bacteroides, Ruminococcus , and  Bifidobacterium  significantly increased their levels while  Faecalibacterium  decreased, compared to the placebo group.  Faecalibacterium  showed the highest presence and significant positive correlation with AD severity (SCORAD index), whereas  Abyssivirga, Bifidobacterium,  and  Lactococcus  were inversely correlated. The results suggest that the consumption of the probiotic formulation here assayed modulates the gut microbiome with significant changes in genera  Bacteroides  and  Faecalibacterium . In turn, the improvement in SCORAD correlates with a decrease in  Faecalibacterium  and an increase in  Bifidobacterium , among others.

microorganisms

Changes in Gut Microbiota Correlates with Response to Treatment with Probiotics in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. A Post Hoc Analysis of a Clinical Trial