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Zymoseptoria tritici  ( Zt ) populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian  Zt  population. A total of 282  Zt  isolates from 2019 and 2020 were tested for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad). The efficacy of the tested fungicides varied considerably between the Estonian counties, but the  Zt  population is mainly sensitive to DMIs. Additionally, the frequencies of  CYP51  gene alterations varied; D134G, V136C, A379G, and S524T had increased, but V136A and I381V showed a moderate decrease in 2020 in comparison to 2019. Sensitivity to SDHIs was stable, but boscalid was less effective than fluxapyroxad. SdhC gene mutations C-T33N, C-T34N, and C-N86S were common, but not linked with SDHI fungicide sensitivity assay results. Otherwise, mutation B-N225I in the SdhB subunit occurred in isolates with reduced sensitivity to SDHIs. Sensitivity to strobilurins was evaluated by the mutation G143A in the  CytB  gene, which was present in nearly half of the population. The data presented confirm the ongoing evolution of fungicide sensitivity in the  Zt  population in Estonia and highlight the importance of knowledge-based decisions for optimizing anti-resistance strategies in the field.

Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian Zymoseptoria tritici Population between 2019 and 2020