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The cultivation of the cellulolytic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum , can have cost-effective cellulosic biomass utilizations, such as consolidated bioprocessing, simultaneous biological enzyme production and saccharification. However, these processes require a longer cultivation term of approximately 1 week. We demonstrate that constituents of the C. thermocellum membrane vesicle fraction significantly promoted the growth rate of C. thermocellum . Similarly, cell-free Bacillus subtilis broth was able to increase C. thermocellum growth rate, while several B. subtilis single-gene deletion mutants, e.g., yxeJ , yxeH , ahpC , yxdK , iolF , decreased the growth stimulation ability. Metabolome analysis revealed signal compounds for cell-cell communication in the C. thermocellum membrane vesicle fraction (ethyl 2-decenoate, ethyl 4-decenoate, and 2-dodecenoic acid) and B. subtilis broth (nicotinamide, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, urocanic acid, nopaline, and 6-paradol). These findings suggest that the constituents in membrane vesicles from C. thermocellum and B. subtilis could promote C. thermocellum growth, leading to improved efficiency of cellulosic biomass utilization.

Metabolome Analysis of Constituents in Membrane Vesicles for Clostridium thermocellum Growth Stimulation