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The second largest sink for atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) is atmospheric methane oxidizing-bacteria (atmMOB). How atmMOB are able to sustain life on the low CH 4  concentrations in air is unknown. Here, we show that during growth, with air as its only source for energy and carbon, the recently isolated atmospheric methane-oxidizer  Methylocapsa gorgona  MG08 (USCα) oxidizes three atmospheric energy sources: CH 4 , carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen (H 2 ) to support growth. The cell-specific CH 4  oxidation rate of  M. gorgona  MG08 was estimated at ~0.7 × 10 −18  mol cell −1  h −1 , which, together with the oxidation of CO and H 2 , supplies 0.38 kJ Cmol −1  h −1  during growth in air. This is seven times lower than previously assumed necessary to support bacterial maintenance. We conclude that atmospheric methane-oxidation is supported by a metabolic flexibility that enables the simultaneous harvest of CH 4 , H 2  and CO from air, but the key characteristic of atmospheric CH 4  oxidizing bacteria might be very low energy requirements.

Simultaneous Oxidation of Atmospheric Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen for Bacterial Growth