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It has been reported that the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  changed the soil microbial community in the mangrove ecosystem in China, especially the bacterial community, although the response of soil fungal communities and soil microbial ecological functions to the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  remains unclear. In this study, we selected three different communities (i.e.,  Spartina alterniflora  community (SC),  Spartina alterniflora –mangrove mixed community (TC), and mangrove community (MC)) in the Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Nature Reserve in China. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the impact of  Spartina alterniflora  invasion on mangrove soil microbial communities. Our results indicate that the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  does not cause significant changes in microbial diversity, but it can alter the community structure of soil bacteria. The results of the LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) analysis show that the relative abundance of some bacterial taxa is not significantly different between the MC and SC communities, but different changes have occurred during the invasion process (i.e., TC community). Different from the results of the bacterial community, the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  only cause a significant increase in few fungal taxa during the invasion process, and these taxa are at some lower levels (such as family, genus, and species) and classified into the phylum  Ascomycota . Although the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  changes the taxa with certain ecological functions, it may not change the potential ecological functions of soil microorganisms (i.e., the potential metabolic pathways of bacteria, nutritional patterns, and fungal associations). In general, the invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  changes the community structure of soil microorganisms, but it may not affect the potential ecological functions of soil microorganisms.

Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Ecological Functions