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Background:  Helicobacter pylori  transmission routes are not entirely elucidated. Since yeasts are postulated to transmit this pathogen, this study aimed to detect and genotype intracellular  H. pylori  harbored within vaginal yeast cells. Methods: A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors of  H. pylori  infection. Samples were seeded on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and horse blood-supplemented Columbia agar. Isolated yeasts were identified using and observed by optical microscopy searching for intra-yeast  H. pylori . Total yeast DNA, from one random sample, was extracted to search for  H. pylori  virulence genes by PCR and bacterial identification by sequencing. Results: 43% of samples contained yeasts, mainly  Candida albicans  (91%). Microscopy detected bacteria such as bodies and anti- H. pylori  antibodies binding particles in 50% of the isolated yeasts. Total DNA extracted showed that 50% of the isolated yeasts were positive for  H. pylori  16S rDNA and the sequence showed 99.8% similarity with  H. pylori.  In total, 32% of  H. pylori  DNA positive samples were  cagA+ vacAs1a vacAm1 dupA− . No relationship was observed between possible  H. pylori  infection risk factors and vaginal yeasts harboring this bacterium. Conclusion:  H. pylori  having virulent genotypes were detected within vaginal yeasts constituting a risk for vertical transmission of this pathogen.

Intracellular Presence of Helicobacter pylori and Its Virulence-Associated Genotypes within the Vaginal Yeast of Term Pregnant Women