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Numerous gene expression and stress adaptation responses in L. monocytogenes are regulated through alternative sigma factors σ B and σ L . Stress response phenotypes and transcriptomes were compared between L. monocytogenes EGD-e and its Δ sigB and Δ sigBL mutants. Targeted growth phenotypic analysis revealed that the ΔsigB and ΔsigBL mutants are impaired during growth under cold and organic-acid stress conditions. Phenotypic microarrays revealed increased sensitivity in both mutants to various antimicrobial compounds. Genes de-regulated in these two mutants were identified by genome-wide transcriptome analysis during exponential growth in BHI. The Δ sigB and Δ sigBL strains repressed 198 and 254 genes, respectively, compared to the parent EGD-e strain at 3 °C, whereas 86 and 139 genes, respectively, were repressed in these mutants during growth at 37 °C. Genes repressed in these mutants are involved in various cellular functions including transcription regulation, energy metabolism and nutrient transport functions, and viral-associated processes. Exposure to cold stress induced a significant increase in σ B and σ L co-dependent genes of L. monocytogenes EGD-e since most (62%) of the down-regulated genes uncovered at 3 °C were detected in the Δ sigBL double-deletion mutant but not in Δ sigB or Δ sigL single-deletion mutants. Overall, the current study provides an expanded insight into σ B and σ L phenotypic roles and functional interactions in L. monocytogenes . Besides previously known σ B - and σ L -dependent genes, the transcriptomes defined in Δ sigB and Δ sigBL mutants reveal several new genes that are positively regulated by σ B alone, as well as those co-regulated through σ B - and σ L -dependent mechanisms during L. monocytogenes growth under optimal and cold-stress temperature conditions.

microorganisms

Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses of the Sigma B-Dependent Characteristics and the Synergism between Sigma B and Sigma L in Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e