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Two novel strains AV382 and AV436 were isolated from a submerged industrial bioreactor for production of apple cider vinegar in Kopivnik (Slovenia). Both strains showed very high (≥98.2%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Komagataeibacter species, but lower 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The highest similarity of the 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS of AV382 was to Komagataeibacter kakiaceti LMG 26206 T (91.6%), of AV436 to Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1515 T (93.9%). The analysis of genome sequences confirmed that AV382 is the most closely related to K. kakiaceti (ANIb 88.2%) and AV436 to K. xylinus (ANIb 91.6%). Genome to genome distance calculations exhibit for both strains ≤47.3% similarity to all type strains of the genus Komagataeibacter . The strain AV382 can be differentiated from its closest relatives K. kakiaceti and Komagataeibacter saccharivorans by its ability to form 2-keto and 5-keto-D-gluconic acids from glucose, incapability to grow in the presence of 30% glucose, formation of C 19:0 cyclo ω 8c fatty acid and tolerance of up to 5% acetic acid in the presence of ethanol. The strain AV436 can be differentiated from its closest relatives K. xylinus , Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans, and Komagataeibacter nataicola by its ability to form 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, growth on 1-propanol, efficient synthesis of cellulose, and tolerance to up to 5% acetic acid in the presence ethanol. The major fatty acid of both strains is C 18:1  ω 7c. Based on a combination of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, the strains AV382 T and AV436 T represent novel species of the genus Komagataeibacter , for which the names Komagataeibacter  melaceti sp. nov. and Komagataeibacter melomenusus are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Komagataeibacter melaceti is AV382 T (= ZIM B1054 T = LMG 31303 T = CCM 8958 T ) and of Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436 T (= ZIM B1056 T = LMG 31304 T = CCM 8959 T ).

Description of Komagataeibacter melaceti sp. nov. and Komagataeibacter melomenusus sp. nov. Isolated from Apple Cider Vinegar