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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a  n -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, is critical for physiological activities of the human body. Marine eukaryote  Aurantiochytrium  sp. is considered a promising source for DHA production. Mutational studies have shown that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (50 W, 30 s) could be utilized as a breeding strategy for obtaining high-yield DHA-producing  Aurantiochytrium  sp. After UV irradiation (50 W, 30 s), the mutant strain X2 which shows enhanced lipid (1.79-fold, 1417.37 mg/L) and DHA (1.90-fold, 624.93 mg/L) production, was selected from the wild  Aurantiochytrium  sp. Instead of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 9.07% of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was observed in the mutant strain X2. The comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that in both wild type and mutant strain, the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway was incomplete with key desaturases, but genes related to the polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway were observed. Results presented that mRNA expression levels of  CoAT, AT, ER, DH,  and  MT  down-regulated in wild type but up-regulated in mutant strain X2, corresponding to the increased intercellular DHA accumulation. These findings indicated that  CoAT ,  AT ,  ER ,  DH , and  MT  can be exploited for high DHA yields in  Aurantiochytrium .

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Uncovers Genes Responsible for the DHA Enhancement in the Mutant Aurantiochytrium sp.