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A novel actinomycete producing heliquinomycin and 9’-methoxy-heliquinomycin, designated strain jys28 T , was isolated from rhizosphere soil of  Pinus yunnanensis  and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain had morphological characteristics and chemotaxonomic properties identical to those of members of the genus  Streptomyces . It formed spiral chains of spores with spiny surfaces. The menaquinones detected were MK-9(H 6 ), MK-9(H 8 ) and MK-9(H 4 ). The major fatty acids were iso-C 16:0 , C 15:0 , C 16:1 ω7с and anteiso-C 15:0 . The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The DNA G + C content of the draft genome sequence, consisting of 8.5 Mbp, was 70.6%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain jys28 T  belongs to the genus  Streptomyces  with the highest sequence similarities to  Streptomyces chattanoogensis  NBRC 13058 T  (99.2%) and  Streptomyces lydicus  DSM 40002 T  (99.2%) and phylogenetically clustered with them. Multilocus sequence analysis based on five other house-keeping genes ( atp D,  gyr B,  rpo B,  rec A and  trp B )  and the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences allowed the novel isolate to be differentiated from its most closely related strains. Therefore, the strain is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus  Streptomyces , for which the name  Streptomyces   piniterrae  sp. nov. is proposed. Furthermore, the putative biosynthetic gene cluster of heliquinomycins was identified and the biosynthetic pathway was discussed. The type strain is jys28 T  (=CCTCC AA 2018051 T  =DSM 109823 T ).

Characterization of Streptomyces piniterrae sp. nov. and Identification of the Putative Gene Cluster Encoding the Biosynthesis of Heliquinomycins