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Moraxella is an ocular bacterial pathogen isolated in cases of keratitis, conjunctivitis, and endophthalmitis. Gram-negative brick-shaped diplobacilli from ocular specimens, and slow growth in culture, are early indications of Moraxella ocular infection; however, identifying Moraxella to species can be complex and inconsistent. In this study, bacteria consistent with Moraxella were identified to species using: (1) DNA sequencing coupled with vancomycin susceptibility, (2) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and (3) the Biolog ID system. Study samples consisted of nine ATCC Moraxella controls, 82 isolates from keratitis, 21 isolates from conjunctivitis, and 4 isolates from endophthalmitis. The ATCC controls were correctly identified. For keratitis, 66 (80.5%) were identified as M.  nonliquefaciens , 7 (9.0%) as M. lacunata , 5 (6%) as M. osloensis , 2 (2.5%) as Acinetobacter lwoffii , 1 (1.0%) as M.  bovis/nonliquefaciens , and 1 (1.0%) as M.  osloensis/nonliquefaciens . For conjunctivitis, 9 (43.0%) were identified as M.  osloensis , 6 (29.0%) as M. nonliquefaciens , 3 (14.3%) as Roseomonas , 2 (9.5%) as Acinetobacter ( parvus, junii ), and 1 (4.5%) as M. catarrhalis/nonliquefaciens . From endophthalmitis, 3 of 4 of the isolates were M.  nonliquefaciens . Overall, M . nonliquefaciens and M.  osloensis were identified in 70% (75 of 107) and 13% (14 of 107) of cases, respectively, totaling 83% (89 of 107). M. nonliquefaciens and M.  osloensis are important bacterial pathogens of the eye as determined by DNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS, and Biolog. Although Moraxella  catarrhalis is a clinical pathogen, other species of Moraxella appear to have a prominent role in eye infections.

Moraxella nonliquefaciens and M. osloensis Are Important Moraxella Species That Cause Ocular Infections