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We experimentally demonstrate enhanced spectral broadening of femtosecondoptical pulses af-ter propagation through silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowirewaveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films.Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the GO filmswith a high Kerr nonlinearity, the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in thehybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced, resulting in greatly improvedspectral broadening of the femtosecond optical pulses. A solution-based,transfer-free coating method is used to integrate GO films onto the SOInanowires with precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurementsusing femtosecond optical pulses are carried out, achieving a broadening factorof up to ~4.3 for a device with 0.4-mm-long, 2 layers of GO. By fit-ting theexperimental results with theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguidenonlin-ear parameter by a factor of ~3.5 and the effective nonlinear figure ofmerit (FOM) by a factor of ~3.8, relative to the uncoated waveguide. Finally,we discuss the influence of GO film length on the spectral broadening andcompare the nonlinear optical performance of different integrated waveguidescoated with GO films. These results confirm the improved nonlinear opticalper-formance for silicon devices integrated with 2D GO films.

Enhanced spectral broadening via self-phase modulation with femtosecond optical pulses in silicon nanowires integrated with 2D graphene oxide films