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Metabolomics is an effective approach to characterize the metabotype which can reflect the influence of genetics, physiological status, and environmental factors such as drug intakes, diet. Diet may change the chemopreventive efficacy of given agents due to the altered physiological status of the subject. Here, metabolomics response to a chemopreventive agent targretin or tamoxifen, in rats with methylnitrosourea-induced tumors on a standard diet (4% fat, CD) or a high fat diet (21% fat, HFD) was evaluated, and found that (1) the metabolome was substantially affected by diet and/or drug treatment; (2) multiple metabolites were identified as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers related to targretin or tamoxifen regardless of diet and time; and (3) the primary bile acid pathway was significantly affected by targretin treatment in rats on both diets, and the lysolipid pathway was significantly affected by tamoxifen treatment in rats on the high fat diet.

Pharmacometabolomic Pathway Response of Effective Anticancer Agents on Different Diets in Rats with Induced Mammary Tumors