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This study investigated the fabrication of Nb tubes via the caliber-rolling process at various rolling speeds from 1.4 m/min to 9.9 m/min at ambient temperature, and the effect of the caliber-rolling speed on the microstructural and microtextural evolution of the Nb tubes. The caliber-rolling process affected the grain refinement when the Nb tube had a higher fraction of low angle grain boundaries. However, the grain size was identical regardless of the rolling speed. The dislocation density of the Nb tubes increased with the caliber-rolling speed according to the Orowan equation. The reduction of intensity for the   fiber texture and the development of the   fiber texture with the increase of the strain rate are considered to have decreased the internal energy by increasing the fraction of the low-energy Σ3 boundaries.

Effect of Rolling Speed on Microstructural and Microtextural Evolution of Nb Tubes during Caliber-Rolling Process