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This study aims to investigate the effect of loading factors on damage accumulation under variable amplitude vibration (VAV). Vibration fatigue experiments are conducted under both constant amplitude vibration (CAV) and VAV loading cases. The effects of loading sequence, loading amplitude, stress difference, and cyclic ratio on damage accumulation are analyzed. It is found the damage accumulation rate is strongly affected by the loading sequence: the fatigue lives can be ranked in descending order as the one-way low-high loading, the constant loading, and the one-way high-low loading. The effect of stress difference on damage accumulation is not significant, while the damage accumulation varies a lot according to the cyclic ratio of the two-level loading blocks and the fatigue life could be extended by increasing the lower loading cycles. Comparing with linear and double linear damage rules, models based on nonlinear damage rules have apparent advantages in predicting accuracy in VAV conditions, in which the nonlinear continuous damage model has the best compromise between availability and precision.

Vibration Fatigue Damage Accumulation of Ti–6Al–4V under Constant and Sequenced Variable Loading Conditions