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The cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and ProTaper Next (PTN) nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files was evaluated. Fifteen instruments of each type were selected, totaling 195 files. The instruments were rotated until fracture in an artificial canal with dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of each instrument tested: +0.1 mm in width and 0.2 mm in depth, an angle of curvature of 45°, a radius of curvature of 5 mm, and a center of curvature 5 mm from the instrument tip. The fracture surfaces of three representative samples of each subgroup were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Time to fracture was analyzed via analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (P < 0.05). PTG F1 and F2 had significantly higher resistance than PTU F1 and PTN X2, and PTU F2 and PTN X3, respectively. PTN X2 showed a significantly higher resistance than PTU F1. The PTG series demonstrated superior cyclic fatigue (CF) behavior compared with that of the PTU and PTN series

Failure Analysis and Reliability of Ni–Ti-Based Dental Rotary Files Subjected to Cyclic Fatigue