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Two novel amphiphiles,  N -(3-nitrophenyl)stearamide (MANA) and  N , N′ -(4-nitro-1,3-phenylene)distearamide (OPANA), were synthesized by reacting nitroanilines with one or two equivalents of stearic acid. We investigated how the molecular structures of these compounds influenced the characteristics of a self-propelled camphor disk placed on a monolayer of the synthesized amphiphiles. Three types of motion were observed at different surface pressures ( Π ): continuous motion ( Π  < 4 mN m −1 ), deceleration (4 mN ≤  Π  ≤ 20 mN m −1 ), and no motion ( Π  > 20 mN m −1 ). The speed of the motion of the camphor disks was inversely related to  Π  for both MANA and OPANA at the temperatures tested, when  Π  increased in the respective molecular layers under compression. The spectroscopic evidence from UV-Vis, NMR, and ESI-TOF-MS revealed that the dependence of the speed of the motion on  Π  originates from the intermolecular interactions that are present in the monolayers. This study suggests that it is possible to control the self-propelled motion by manipulating contributing factors at the molecular level.

Self-Propelled Motion Sensitive to the Chemical Structure of Amphiphilic Molecular Layer on an Aqueous Phase