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Series of partially fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation from three types of diols and superhydrophobic tetra-trifluoromethyl-substituted difluoro monomers with postsulfonation to obtain densely sulfonated ionomers. The membranes had similar ion exchange capacities of 2.92 ± 0.20 mmol g -1 and favorable mechanical properties (Young's moduli of 1.60-1.83 GPa). The membranes exhibited considerable dimensional stability (43.1-122.3% change in area and 42.1-61.5% change in thickness at 80 °C) and oxidative stability (~55.5%). The proton conductivity of the membranes, higher (174.3-301.8 mS cm -1 ) than that of Nafion 211 (123.8 mS cm -1 ), was the percent conducting volume corresponding to the water uptake. The membranes were observed to comprise isolated to tailed ionic clusters of size 15-45 nm and 3-8 nm, respectively, in transmission electron microscopy images. A fuel cell containing one such material exhibited high single-cell performance-a maximum power density of 1.32 W cm 2 and current density of &gt;1600 mA cm -2 at 0.6 V. The results indicate that the material is a candidate for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.

membranes

Highly Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on Poly(arylene ether)s with Densely Sulfonated and Partially Fluorinated Multiphenyl for Fuel Cell Applications