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Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na + and 0.5-1.0 mol/L Ca 2+ /Al 3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na + -Ca 2+ and Na + -Al 3+ were further unveiled. The results demonstrated that the synergistic influence of Na + -Ca 2+ strikingly enlarged the alginate size due to the bridging effects of Ca 2+ via binding with carboxyl groups in alginate chains. As compared with pure alginate, the involvement of Na + aggravated alginate fouling formation, while the subsequent addition of Ca 2+ or Al 3+ on the basis of Na + mitigated fouling development. The coexistence of Na + -Ca 2+ led to alginate fouling formed mostly in a loose and reversible pattern, accompanied by significant cracks appearing on the cake layer. In contrast, the fouling layer formed by alginate-Na + -Al 3+ seemed to be much denser, leading to severer irreversible fouling formation. Notably, the membrane rejection under various high salinity conditions was seriously weakened. Consequently, the current study offered in-depth insights into the development of polysaccharide-associated fouling during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater.

Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater