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Background:   Protium  species (Burseraceae) have been used in the treatment of various diseases and conditions such as ulcers and wounds.  Methods:  The essential oil from the oleoresin of  Protium amazonicum  was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS, GC-FID, and chiral GC-MS.  P. amazonicum  oleoresin oil was screened for antifungal activity against  Candida albicans ,  Aspergillus niger , and  Cryptococcus neoformans .  Results:  A total of 54 components representing 99.6% of the composition were identified in the oil. The essential oil was dominated by δ-3-carene (47.9%) with lesser quantities of other monoterpenoids α-pinene (4.0%),  p -cymene (4.1%), limonene (5.1%), α-terpineol (5.5%) and  p -cymen-8-ol (4.8%). Chiral GC-MS revealed most of the monoterpenoids to have a majority of  levo  enantiomers present with the exceptions of limonene and α-terpineol, which showed a  dextro  majority.  P. amazonicum  oleoresin oil showed promising activity against  Cryptococcus neoformans , with MIC = 156 μg/mL.  Conclusions:  This account is the first reporting of both the chemical composition and enantiomeric distribution of the oleoresin essential oil of  P. amazonicum  from Ecuador. The oil was dominated by (−)-δ-3-carene, and this compound, along with other monoterpenoids, likely accounts for the observed antifungal activity of the oil.

Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antifungal Activity of the Oleoresin Essential Oil of Protium amazonicum from Ecuador