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Background and Objectives:  Elderly patients constitute a large segment of healthcare receivers. Considering the functional deterioration of multiple organ systems with aging, achieving a safe perioperative approach is challenging. Our aim is to study the safety and effectiveness of a genuinely regimented co-induction technique in order to minimize anesthesia-related complications.  Materials and Methods:  One hundred and five patients were assigned to three groups according to the induction technique: propofol, sevoflurane and co-induction group. Inclusion criteria: patients with age ≥65 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA) II-III who underwent endoscopic urological procedures. The propofol group received a dose of 1.5 mg kg −1  of propofol over two minutes for induction. The sevoflurane group received 8% of sevoflurane and 100% oxygen through a plastic facemask with the fresh gas flow set at 8 L min −1 . The co-induction group received 4% sevoflurane through plastic facemask for two minutes, followed by a 0.75 mg kg −1  dose of propofol. After ensuring full range jaw relaxation, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted.  Results:  Overall, the co-induction technique had a favorable profile in terms of respiratory adverse events, while the sevoflurane group had a favorable profile in terms of hemodynamic stability. Furthermore, 24 (68.6%) patients receiving inhalational sevoflurane had episodes of transient apnea, which constitutes 77.4% of the 31 episodes of transient apnea in the studied sample ( p  < 0.001). Moreover, six (17.1%) patients in the sevoflurane group had an episode of partial laryngospasm ( p  = 0.034). Compared with the co-induction group, we found that the propofol group had significantly less systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the second minute, with  p  values of (0.018) and (0.015), respectively.  Conclusions:  The co-induction technique utilizing 4% sevoflurane at 8 L min −1  flow of oxygen inhaled over two minutes followed by 0.75 mg kg −1  of propofol achieved less respiratory adverse events compared with the sevoflurane group, and less hemodynamic instability compared with the propofol group.

medicina

A Co-Induction Technique Utilizing 4% Sevoflurane Followed by 0.75 mg/kg Propofol in Elderly Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Procedures: A Prospective Randomized Control Study