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Background and objectives : Mushrooms that have medicinal properties are part of many traditional diets. The aim of the present study was to use the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to investigate the anticancer activity of Pleurotus  highking mushroom purified extract fraction-III (PEF-III) and to elucidate the possible mechanism of that activity. Materials and Methods : The effects of PEF-III on cell proliferation and viability were evaluated by a colony formation assay and an MTT assay, respectively. Cell morphological changes, annexin-V phycoerythrin and propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were performed to determine the induction of apoptosis by PEF-III. The genes responsible for regulation of apoptosis were analyzed by means of Western blot analysis. In vitro tumor sphere formation assay was performed using a 3D sphere culture system. Results : PEF-III significantly reduced the proliferation and viability of MCF-7 cells. Cell shrinkage and rounding, and annexin-V phycoerythrin and PI staining followed by flow cytometry indicated that the cell death was due to apoptosis. Additionally, a laddering DNA pattern and increased levels of caspase-3/7 enzyme also corroborated the notion of apoptosis-mediated cell death. This incidence was further confirmed by upregulation of proapoptotic genes ( p53 and its target gene, Bax ) and downregulation of the expression of an antiapoptotic gene ( Bcl-2 ). PEF-III also reduced the size and number of the tumor spheres in 3D culture conditions. Conclusions : The anticancer activity of PEF-III is due to induction of apoptosis by a shift in the balance of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Therefore, the findings of the present study may open a path to exploring potential drug candidates from the P.  highking mushroom for combating breast cancer.

medicina

Pleurotus highking Mushroom Induces Apoptosis by Altering the Balance of Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic Genes in Breast Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Sphere Formation