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Background and Objectives : Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), is acute renal damage due to contrast agents. This study is conducted to evaluate serum and renal heterodimeric nuclear transcription factor (HIF)-2 alpha levels and its tissue expression in contrast-induced nephropathy, and in N -acetyl cysteine (NAC)-and Sildenafil-treated rat models. Materials/Methods : This randomized, controlled, interventional animal study was conducted on Wistar rats. Rats ( n = 36) were randomly assigned to four groups: control ( n = 9), CIN group ( n = 9), CIN + NAC group ( n = 9), and sildenafil ( n = 9). The rat model was used to form iohexol-originated CIN. During the modeling, prophylactic treatment was performed at the 24th and 48th h. After 48 h of modeling, blood, urine, and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses. HIF-2-α levels were measured in renal tissue, serum, and urine samples. Renal sections were also performed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of renal injury and HIF-2-α expression. Results : In the CIN model, HIF-2α levels and other biochemical parameters were significantly increased ( p &lt; 0.01). Both sildenafil and NAC efficiently decreased renal damage due to contrast agents, as shown in histopathologic examinations ( p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, after treatment with sildenafil and NAC, HIF-2α levels were significantly decreased ( p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions : The current study shows that serum and tissue HIF-2α levels decrease in CIN. Besides, the levels and tissue expression of HIF-2α decrease with both NAC and sildenafil treatments. With further studies, HIF-2α can be investigated as a biomarker of CIN and can be used in the follow-up of patients with CIN.

Serum and Tissue HIF-2 Alpha Expression in CIN, N-Acetyl Cysteine, and Sildenafil-Treated Rat Models: An Experimental Study