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Six new prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, asperthrins A-F ( 1 - 6 ), along with eight known analogues ( 7 - 14 ), were isolated from the marine-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. YJ191021. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1D/2D NMR data, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)/ECD calculation. The isolated compounds were assayed for their inhibition against three agricultural pathogenic fungi, four fish pathogenic bacteria, and two agricultural pathogenic bacteria. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antifungal and antibacterial activities against Vibrio  anguillarum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola , and Rhizoctonia  solani with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, 1 displayed notable anti-inflammatory activity with IC 50 value of 1.46 ± 0.21 μM in Propionibacterium  acnes induced human monocyte cell line (THP-1).

Bioactive Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from the Marine Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. YJ191021