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Five new naphthalenones, two enantiomers (&amp;minus;)- 1 and (+)- 1 leptothalenone A, (&amp;minus;)-4,8-dihydroxy-7-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2 H -naphthalen-1-one ((&amp;minus;)- 2 ), (4 S , 10 R , 4&amp;rsquo; S )-leptotha-lenone B ( 5 ), (4 R , 10 S , 4&amp;rsquo; S )-leptothalenone B ( 6 ), and a new isocoumarine, 6-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1 H -isochromen-1-one ( 4 ), along with two known compounds (+)-4,8-dihydroxy-7-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2 H -naphthalen-1-one ((+)- 2 ) and (+)-10-norparvulenone ( 3 ) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Leptosphaerulina chartarum 3608. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by HR-ESIMS, NMR, and ECD analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 6 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with an IC 50 value of 44.5 &amp;mu;M.

Mono- and Dimeric Naphthalenones from the Marine-Derived Fungus Leptosphaerulina chartarum 3608