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The marine-derived fungus Talaromyces rugulosus isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella cannabina and cultured on solid rice medium yielded seventeen lactone derivatives including five butenolides ( 1 - 5 ), seven (3 S )-resorcylide derivatives ( 6 - 12 ), two butenolide-resorcylide dimers ( 13 and 14 ), and three dihydroisocoumarins ( 15 - 17 ). Among them, fourteen compounds ( 1 - 3 , 6 - 16 ) are new natural products. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy as well as by ESI-HRMS (ElectroSpray Ionization-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry). TDDFT-ECD (Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory-Electronic Circular Dichroism) calculations were performed to determine the absolute configurations of chiral compounds. The butenolide-resorcylide dimers talarodilactones A and B ( 13 and 14 ) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the L5178Y murine lymphoma cell line with IC 50 values of 3.9 and 1.3 µM, respectively.

Lactones from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Talaromyces rugulosus