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Twelve new polyketides, zosteropenillines A-L (1-12), together with known polyketide pallidopenilline A (13), were isolated from the ethylacetate extract of the fungus Penicillium thomii associated with the seagrass Zostera marina. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of zosteropenilline A (1) as 4R, 5S, 8S, 9R, 10R, and 13S was determined by a combination of the modified Mosher's method, X-ray analysis, and NOESY data. Absolute configurations of zosteropenillines B-D (2-4) were determined by timedependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of ECD spectra. The effect of compounds 1-3, 7, 8, 10, and 11 on the viability of human drug-resistant prostate cancer cells PC3 as well as on autophagy in these cancer cells and inhibitory effects of compounds 1, 2, and 8-10 on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were examined.

Zosteropenillines: Polyketides from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium thomii