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In this study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were processed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in phytic acid (H 12 Phy) electrolytes with the addition of different concentrations of EDTA-MgNa 2 (Na 2 MgY) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The surface characterization and cytocompatibility of MAO-treated samples were evaluated systematically. H 12 Phy is a necessary agent for MAO coating formation, and the addition of Na 2 MgY and KOH into the electrolytes increases the surface roughness, micropore size and Mg contents in the coatings. The MAO coatings are primarily composed of anatase, rutile, MgO and Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . Magnesium (Mg) ions in the electrolytes enter into MAO coatings by diffusion and electromigration. The MAO coatings containing 2.97 at% Mg show excellent cell viability, adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and collagen secretion, but the cytocompatibility of the MAO coatings containing 6.82 at% Mg was the worst due to the excessively high Mg content. Our results revealed that MAO coatings with proper Mg contents improve the cytocompatibility of the Ti-6Al-4V alloys and have large potential in orthopedic applications.

Novel Mg-Incorporated Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings for Orthopedic Implants Application