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This study aimed to create a biomaterial from titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), which has been known to have photocatalytic and bone formation promoting effects. I expected that anatase titanium dioxide-based implants could promote bone augmentation and induce bone formation. Powdery anatase TiO 2 was compression molded and sintered at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C to prepare sintered compact samples. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the surface of these samples. Furthermore, mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were seeded on the samples sintered at different temperatures, and cell proliferation was observed to evaluate the cell proliferation of the samples. The sample sintered at 700 °C was composed of anatase TiO 2 . The samples sintered at 800 °C and 900 °C were confirmed to consist of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO 2 crystalline phases. Moreover, the sample sintered at 700 and 800 °C, which contained anatase TiO 2 , showed remarkable photocatalytic activity. Those samples sintered at 1000 °C were transformed to the rutile TiO 2 . The cell proliferation after 7-14-days culturing revealed that cells cultured on the 700 °C sample decreased in number immediately after initiation of culturing. The cells cultured on TiO 2 sintered at 900 °C markedly proliferated over time with an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity, showing good MC3T3-E1 cell compatibility of the samples. The sample sintered at 1000 °C, which is rutile TiO 2 , showed the highest increase.

Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation, ALP Activity and Photocatalytic Activity on Sintered Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide